The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck that produces hormones crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. These hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), affect nearly every organ in the body. When the thyroid functions improperly, it can lead to various thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

Key aspects of the thyroid and thyroid diseases

• Location and Structure : The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, below the larynx (voice box) and wraps around the trachea (windpipe).
• Function : It produces thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) that regulate metabolism, heart rate, digestion, and mood.

• Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid) : This occurs when the thyroid doesn't produce enough hormones, leading to a slowed metabolism, fatigue, weight gain, and other symptoms.
• Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) : This occurs when the thyroid produces too many hormones, leading to a sped-up metabolism, weight loss, increased heart rate, and other symptoms.
• Thyroid Tests : Doctors use blood tests (TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid antibodies) and imaging tests to diagnose thyroid problems.
• Symptoms : Depending on the type of thyroid disease, symptoms can vary, but common signs include changes in heart rate, weight changes, fatigue, and mood swings.

Treatment

Treatment options for thyroid diseases depend on the specific condition and can include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery