Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part or all of the body, resulting in the inability to move. It can be temporary or permanent, and can affect any area of the body. Paralysis often arises from disruptions in the communication pathways between the brain and muscles, frequently due to damage or dysfunction within the nervous system.

Key aspects of paralysis

• Loss of muscle function : Paralysis is characterized by the inability to move muscles, either partially or completely.
• Nervous system involvement : It typically results from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system, which can include the brain, spinal cord, or nerves that control muscle movement.
• Temporary or permanent : Paralysis can be temporary, such as in Bell's palsy or after a stroke, or permanent, like in cases of severe spinal cord injury.

• Various causes : Paralysis can stem from various causes, including injuries (like spinal cord injury or stroke), diseases (like multiple sclerosis or ALS), or birth defects.
• Impact on daily life : Paralysis can significantly impact a person's ability to perform everyday tasks, including walking, dressing, eating, and communicating.

Types of paralysis

• Monoplegia : Paralysis of one limb.
• Hemiplegia : Paralysis of one side of the body (usually arm and leg).
• Paraplegia : Paralysis of both legs and the lower body.
• Quadriplegia (or tetraplegia) : Paralysis of all four limbs and the torso.

Causes of paralysis

• Stroke : A stroke can damage brain tissue and lead to paralysis.
• Spinal cord injury : Damage to the spinal cord can disrupt nerve signals and cause paralysis below the level of the injury.
• Neuromuscular disorders : Conditions like ALS, multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophy can affect nerve and muscle function and lead to paralysis.
• Brain injury : Traumatic brain injuries can also result in paralysis.
• Spina bifida : A birth defect that can affect the development of the spinal cord and cause paralysis.
• Tick bites : Certain tick-borne illnesses can cause paralysis.